木章溯源之二

The Origins Of The Wood Badge
木章溯源之二
檔案編號 Item Code FS145001 Feb/08 Edition no 0845 300 1818
英國童軍總會資訊中心
The Scout Information Centre

迪尼祖魯酋長DINIZULU - THE ZULU CHIEF

根據發生於1879年第一次祖魯戰爭的推論，祖魯蘭省分轄十三個部落。每個部落由一位酋長來管轄。迪尼祖魯酋長是前任森地瓦優Cetywayo祖魯酋長的兒子。
At the conclusion of the first Zulu war in 1879, the control of Zululand was broken up into 13 provinces州, each with a Zulu chieftainfu. in charge. Dinizulu, son of the former Zulu Chief Cetywayo, was one of these chieftains.

一些好戰的酋長，不久入侵其他領土，焚燒村莊，掠奪牛群家畜。迪尼祖魯酋長向當地的波爾人（荷蘭人）軍隊求助，而且獲得大約波爾人八百騎兵隊的協助，因此迪尼祖魯酋長的武力立即提升，而超過鄰近的部落。為報答波爾人，迪尼祖魯酋長答應給波爾人土地。導致迪尼祖魯酋長失去他國家主要的土地給波爾人。因此他轉向英國人求助。英國政府成功地獲得在波爾人部分土地競爭上的早期條約。
The more belligerent of these chieftains were soon invading the others' territories, burning villages and raiding their cattle herds. Dinizulu requested help from local Boer (Dutch) forces, and received about 800 mounted Boer troops. With this help he quickly rose to power over the neighboring tribes and in return for their assistance, Dinizulu promised to give the Boers land. However, now confronted with losing a major part of his country to the Boers, he then turned to Britain for help.

為防止波爾人擴張祖魯蘭省的勢力，英國併吞原有的附近土地。因此引起波爾人反抗。然而英國人併吞附近土地的行為，並不在迪尼祖魯酋長的計謀之中。1888年初，迪尼祖魯酋長召集了大約四千名祖魯戰士，強行入侵，公然挑戰英國當局的威信。
The British Government succeeded in contesting part of the Boer land request based on previous treaties. To prevent further Boer encroachment on Zululand, Great Britain annexed what remained of the country. Although the Boers had thus been thwarted, annexation by Britain had not been in Dinizulu's plans. Early in 1888 Dinizulu gathered about 4,000 warriors and broke into open defiance of the British authorities.

局勢迅速變得危急。 1888年六月，一支兩千名陸軍戰士，外加招募而來忠誠的祖魯傭兵軍隊，緊急由開普敦出發，以弭平暴動。貝登堡是這支軍隊的隊員。軍隊指揮官命令貝登堡成立一個情報部門，以獲知迪尼祖魯酋長身藏何處的情報。貝登堡組織了祖魯傭兵的斥堠小隊，並且蒐集到迪尼祖魯酋長行蹤完整的情報。
The situation soon became critical and in June 1888 an army of 2,000 British soldiers, plus a levy of loyal Zulus was despatched from Cape Town to settle the uprising. Baden-Powell was a member of this force and when the commanding officer instructed B-P to establish an intelligence department to obtain information about Dinizulu's whereabouts, B-P organised a small group of Zulu spies and gathered complete information about Dinizulu's movements.

迪尼祖魯酋長和他的戰士躲藏在賽閘（Ceza）的堡壘。此堡壘位處群山峻嶺之間，有著奇岩怪石和洞穴，又有密林和峽谷直到山頂。貝登堡率領一支善於山野作戰的戰士，以及一些友善的祖魯傭兵，進攻接近山頂的賽閘的堡壘。
Dinizulu and his forces were hidden in the fastnesses of the Ceza, a mountainous spread with a jumbled mass of broken rock, boulders and caves with a number of thickly wooded ravinesrunning up into a jungle near the summit Dinizulu and his forces were hidden in the fastnesses of the Ceza, a mountainous spread with a jumbled mass of broken rock, boulders and caves with a number of thickly wooded ravinesrunning up into a jungle near the summit

當貝登堡的軍隊抵達山頂時，迪尼祖魯酋長和他的祖魯戰士，早已逃離。但是找到了許多小型戰鬥堡壘和茅草屋。在一間根據它的大小和設計，可以判斷是迪尼祖魯酋長的茅草屋裡，貝登堡發現了一些武器和一大串木珠項鍊。
B-P moved into the Ceza bush in command of a column of soldiers, mounted troops and part of the levy of friendly Zulus. When B-P and his forces reached the summit, Dinizulu and his warriors were gone, but numerous small forts and huts were found. In one of these huts, which because of its size and design appeared to be that of Dinizulu, B-P found a number of weapons and a long string of wooden beads.

幾天後，迪尼祖魯酋長投降。他被判處十年監獄。以及被移送到距離非洲海岸1,100哩遠的聖赫勒拿小島（island of St Helena）。根據後續資料，迪尼祖魯酋長在服刑期間（放逐超過實際刑期），穿著西方服飾，接受基督教信仰，甚至於在教堂裡唱聖歌。
Several days later Dinizulu gave himself up. He was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment and transported to the island of St Helena, about 1,100 miles off the west coast of Africa. It is reported that during his stay (more exile than real imprisonment) he took to wearing western style clothing, accepted Christianity and even sang in the Church choir.

1898年迪尼祖魯酋長被釋放，而且允許回到非洲本土。1908年，迪尼祖魯酋長又參與了另一次反抗事件，後來被以謀殺、叛亂和其他罪名，被判四年徒刑。兩年之後被釋放，而於1913年逝世於南非特蘭斯瓦爾省Transvaal。
In 1898 Dinizulu was allowed to return to Africa but was involved in another revolt and after a subsequent trial for murder, treason and other offences, was sentenced in 1908 to. four years imprisonment. He was released after two years and died in the Transvaal in 1913.

有一些爭議的是，貝登堡是如何獲得迪尼祖魯酋長的木珠項鍊。是被貝登堡撿到的？或是別人贈送的？或者是偷來的？ 在英國童軍總會的一篇手稿裡，有最終的答案。
There is some debate as to how B-P acquired the necklace - whether he found it, was given it or whether he stole it. A manuscript in The Scout Association's Archives gives what must be the definitive answer.


『我是如何獲得迪尼祖魯酋長的木珠項鍊』--世界童軍總長貝登堡爵士口述
HOW I OBTAINED THE NECKLACE OF DENIZULU AS TOLD
BY THE CHIEF SCOUT

一封經過認證，打字於抬頭是貝登堡爵士的信紙，住址是：英國漢普夏郡班特利鎮派斯崗的貝登堡爵士口述--『迪尼祖魯酋長的木珠項鍊故事』的原始筆記，存檔於英國童軍總會，1925年的檔案裡。
Copy of notes dictated by B-P in 1925 authenticating the story of Chief Dinizulu's
necklace. Original notes are in The Scout Association's Archives, typed on Baden-Powell's head notepaper and addressed Pax Hill, Bentley, Hampshire.

1879年在英國華爾斯里爵士（Lord Wolseley）管轄分裂的祖魯王國。森地瓦優（Cetywayo）酋長在位時，已經不斷襲擊波爾人（荷蘭人）和英國人的領土，而造成威脅。當時分裂成八個部落，分由一位酋長統治，其中一位迪尼祖魯酋長是森地瓦優酋長的兒子。
'In 1879 the British under Lord Wolseley broke up the Zulu kingdom, under Cetchwayo, which had been a constant menace with its raids on both Boer and British territory, and divided the nation into eight tribes, each under a separate Chief. One of these tribes was under Dinizulu, the son of Cetchwayo.

1888年迪尼祖魯酋長拉高了暴動，其中數個部落反抗英國，而兩個部落選擇站在英國這一邊。亨利‧笙斯將軍.General Sir Henry Smyth）派遣了一支軍隊去對抗迪尼祖魯酋長。我擔任這支軍隊的軍事參謀和情報官。
'In 1888 Dinizulu raised a rebellion among之中 the tribes against the British. Two of the tribes however elected to side with us. General Sir Henry Smyth took out a force against Dinizulu. I acted as Military Secretary and Intelligence Officer.

迪尼祖魯酋長在經歷了一些小規模的交戰之後，逃避到山上一處位於南非特蘭斯瓦爾省（Transvaal）邊境，稱為「塞札‧布希」（Ceza Bush）的據點。我與一些斥堠以及英國軍隊由三個方面進入戰鬥位置，而且偵察到這個據點。在全面發動拂曉攻擊之前，我與我的斥堠進入戰鬥據點時，發現敵人才剛剛匆忙地逃離，人去樓空。而且留下了大部分的食物和生活用品。以及越過邊界，進入南非特蘭斯瓦爾省。當然我們無法越界去追擊他們。
'Dinizulu after a few small engagements took refuge in a mountain strongholdcalled the Ceza Bush, just on the border of the Transvaal. I reconnoitred the place with a few Scouts and our forces were brought into position to take it from three sides. Just before attacking I went into position with my Scouts at early dawn and found that the enemy had just hurriedly evacuated it,　leaving most of their food and kit behind, and had crossed the border into the Transvaal, where of course we could not follow them.

在為迪尼祖魯酋長居住搭建的茅草屋裡，我在許多遺留物品當中，發現了一條木珠項鍊。我有珍藏一張是在此事件發生數月之前，迪尼祖魯酋長展示佩帶此木珠項鍊，環繞在他的脖子和一邊肩膀上的相片。
'In the hut which had been put up for Dinizulu to live in, I found among other things his necklace of wooden beads. I had in my possession a photograph of him taken a few months
before hand in which he was shown wearing this necklace round his neck and one shoulder.

在當時，他是一位魁梧壯碩的野蠻人，充滿機智，以及精力充沛和膽識過人。雖然後來向我們投降，當囚犯被監禁數年後，以自我管束的條件，回到家鄉。不過最後，他又毀約，再度捲入更激烈的反抗戰爭。導致後來我們終於接收和併吞了南非祖魯蘭省。
'He was at that time a splendid type of young savage and full of resources, energy and pluck. He eventually surrendered to us, was kept a prisoner for some time and was then returned to his tribe on condition that he behaved himself. 'But later on he broke out again and involved us in a further campaign which resulted in our finally taking over Zululand and annexing it.'